What Counts as an Abandoned Vehicle in Virginia?

Under Virginia Code § 46.2-1200, an abandoned vehicle is generally defined as any motor vehicle that has been left on public property for more than 48 hours, or on private property without the owner's permission for any length of time. A vehicle can also be considered abandoned if it's inoperable, missing critical parts, or left unattended in a way that suggests the owner has no intention of returning.

Common examples include:

  • A car left in your driveway or private lot without permission
  • A vehicle rusting on a residential street for weeks
  • An inoperable car left at a repair shop after the owner stopped responding
  • A vehicle left on rental property after a tenant moves out

Who Can Apply for an Abandoned Vehicle Title in Virginia?

The Virginia DMV allows several parties to apply for title to an abandoned vehicle, including:

  • Landowners where the vehicle is located
  • Licensed tow operators and storage facilities holding the vehicle
  • Repair shops when a customer abandons a car after service
  • Watercraft or vehicle demolishers processing junk vehicles

Private individuals typically cannot title an abandoned vehicle found on public property. That process is reserved for licensed towing operators contracted by local law enforcement.

Step-by-Step: How to Get an Abandoned Vehicle Title in Virginia

Step 1: Report the Vehicle

If the car is on public property, contact local police or the sheriff's department. They'll investigate whether it's stolen and may arrange towing. If it's on your private property, you can hire a licensed tow company to remove it or begin the abandoned vehicle process yourself if you meet the criteria.

Step 2: Notify the Owner

Virginia requires a good-faith effort to locate the last known owner and any lienholders. A license plate lookup can help identify the registered owner. You must send certified mail notifications giving them the opportunity to reclaim the vehicle.

Step 3: Wait the Required Holding Period

The vehicle must be held for a minimum period — typically 15 days after notification — before you can apply for title. During this time, the owner has the right to reclaim it by paying reasonable towing and storage fees.

Step 4: Complete DMV Form VSA 12

The Abandoned Vehicle Certification (Form VSA 12) is the primary application. You'll also need:

  • Proof of notification to the owner (certified mail receipts)
  • Photos of the vehicle
  • Storage or towing invoices
  • A completed Application for Certificate of Title (Form VSA 17A)
  • Applicable title fees

Step 5: Submit to Virginia DMV

Submit your complete package to the Virginia DMV's Titling Work Center. Processing can take several weeks. Once approved, you'll receive a certificate of title in your name.

Costs and Fees to Expect

Expect to pay:

  • Title application fee: $15
  • Certified mail costs: $10–$20 per notification
  • Sales and use tax (based on vehicle value, if applicable)
  • Any towing and storage costs if you hired a third party

What to Do Before Starting the Process

Before spending time and money on paperwork, do your homework. Look up the license plate to see if the vehicle has an active registration or reported issues. Understanding license plate laws and confirming the vehicle isn't stolen protects you from costly mistakes. If you can reach the owner directly, you may resolve the situation faster than going through the DMV.

FAQs About Abandoned Vehicle Titles in Virginia

How long before a vehicle is legally abandoned in Virginia?

48 hours on public property, or immediately if left on private property without permission. However, the full titling process requires a 15-day notification period.

Can I keep an abandoned car found on my property?

Yes, but only after completing the DMV's abandoned vehicle titling process, including proper owner notification and required waiting periods.

What if the owner shows up after I title the car?

Once title has been legally transferred through the DMV process, the previous owner generally has no claim. That's why proper notification is essential — it protects you legally.

Do I need to have the vehicle inspected?

Yes. Before you can legally drive it, the vehicle must pass a Virginia safety inspection. Salvage vehicles may require additional inspection.

How PlateQuery Can Help

Before starting the abandoned vehicle title process, it's worth trying to reach the owner directly. Owners often don't realize their vehicle is causing a problem — the car may have been left by a family member, forgotten after a move, or overlooked after a breakdown.

With PlateQuery, you can look up a license plate, leave a message tied to that vehicle, or report an abandoned vehicle or illegal parking issue. If the owner has claimed their plate profile, they'll receive your message directly. It's often the fastest, friendliest way to resolve the situation — and if it doesn't work, you'll still have documentation showing your good-faith effort to contact the owner, which supports your Virginia DMV application.